See also:

• Science: Physics: History  (145)
• Science: Physics: Nuclear  (168)
• Science: Technology: Energy: Nuclear  (244)
• Society: History: By Time Period: Twentieth Century: Cold War  (146)
• Society: History: By Topic: Science: Engineering and Technology  (183)
• Society: Issues: Environment: Nuclear  (190)
• Society: Issues: Environment: Nuclear: Activism  (1)
• Society: Issues: Warfare and Conflict: Weapons: Nuclear  (201)

A-Bomb Archive - - Discusses nuclear weapons, the survivability of nuclear blasts, weapon totals for the nuclear powers, and specific data regarding the UK program.

Accelerating Cleanup: Paths to Closure - - Outlines the Energy Department's work to clean up contamination at DOE legacy sites.

Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion - Introduction - - Covers the US failed project to produce atomic powered aircraft. A detailed look at the technology involved as well as materials relating to the reasons the program failed.

Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues - - Wide range of vetted, indexed, annotated references for the study of nuclear issues. Collection is searchable and includes books, articles, films, CD-ROMs, and websites.

America Faces the Atomic Age: 1946 - - The A-bomb and atomic testing were entirely new phenomena in history and there was a variety of opinion about the tests and the weapon. This article used polls and journalistic impressions to discuss the spectrum of this opinion.

The American Experience | Race for the Super Bomb - - Material from the documentary on the US/Soviet race to develop the hydrogen bomb. Includes a timeline, photographs, the people who were involved, maps, film clips of nuclear tests and a teachers guide.

Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons and Human Rights - - A biography of Andrei Sakharov and his contributions to Soviet nuclear weapons research, nuclear fusion, cosmology, human rights, and world peace. Includes a bibliography and links to related sites.

Anno Atomi: Growing Up with the Atom - - Documents the atmospheric atomic bomb tests conducted at the Nevada Test Site during 1957. Compiled using government press releases and images, with comments by soldiers and citizens.

Anti-Nuke Alert - - A collection of speeches, articles, and full text documents on nuclear safety, legislation, and treaties. Map of nuclear hazards in the US, links section and NucNews, a collection of news clippings, archive available.

Archive of Nuclear Data - - Reports, tables, and statistics on nuclear stockpiles, strategic nuclear forces, and nuclear test programs of the United States, Russia, France, China, and Great Britain.

Atlas Missile Silo - - Read about the first generation ICBM missile Silos put into service by the United States Air Force during the early 1960's.

The Atomic Age: A Brief Overview - - An overview of the Manhattan Project, the use of the bomb, the development of the Cold War and the physics of nuclear weapons. Includes photographs and a bibliography.

Atomic Archive - - Timeline of nuclear weapon development, biographies of atomic scientists, accounts of nuclear tests, arms-control treaties, full text original documents, an image and video gallery, a glossary and teachers guide.

The Atomic Bomb - - Describes the process of fission as it relates to the bomb, covers the effects on people and buildings, has a timeline of events in the development of the bomb, and photos of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as well as other bomb effects.

Atomic Bomb - Decision - - Documents on the decision to use the atomic bomb.

Atomic Bombing: How to Protect Yourself - - Full text and illustrations from the 1950 atom-war survival guide.

The Atomic Century - - History of the development of nuclear energy, human radiation experiments, the effects on people of the developments in nuclear physics.

The Atomic Duty of Pvt. Bill Bires - - A short history of Pvt. Bill Bires' military duty with Co."A" 231st Engineer Combat Battalion at the Nevada Test Sites Camp Desert Rock for the test series Buster Jangle in 1951.

Atomic Force and Bombs - - Nuclear weapon history site. Information on the Manhattan Project, the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and nuclear weapons technology. Luxembourg site in English.

Atomic Heritage Foundation - - A non-profit dedicated to preservation and interpretation of the Manhattan Project and Atomic Age. Information about historic properties, museum exhibits, publications, and documentary films.

Atomic Veterans History Project - - Personal narratives, photographs of exercises and tests at the Nevada Test Site, 1946 to 1962.

Bikini Atoll - - Information on Bikini Atoll in the Marshall Islands, the site of many American nuclear tests in the 1940s and 1950s. Includes a history of the islands and the nuclear tests as well as information on efforts to clean up radioactive contamination and US reparations.

Bobby and the A-Bomb Factory - - Provides a free version of Bob Myers' childhood memoir about growing up in the 1950s in the shadow of the Hanford A-Bomb plant.

The Bomb for My Pillow--A Child of the Atomic Age - - A young African-American man's reminiscence of growing up in the shadow of nuclear annihilation during the 1950's. Educators may copy it freely.

The Bureau of Atomic Tourism - - The Bureau of Atomic Tourism promotes tourist locations that have either been the site of atomic explosions, display exhibits on the development of atomic devices, or contain atomic weapons delivery systems. Includes links to related materials.

Canada's Nuclear History - - A chronology of general and Canadian achievements and events in the history of nuclear energy. Traces the development of the CANDU reactor and the commercial power industry in Canada. Includes notes and links to further information.

Canada's Role in the Atomic Bomb Programs of the US, UK, France & India - - A chronology of Canada's contributions to the nuclear weapon programs of several countries. Includes material on the production of plutonium at Chalk River and the accident there, the development and export of CANDU reactors, a picture gallery and other material.

A Century of Science / Brookhaven National Lab - - A brief history of the lab at Brookhaven, it's founding, development and achievements in nuclear physics and nuclear energy research.

Chronological Table of Nuclear Weapons - - A detailed chronology of events significant in the development of nuclear weapon technology. Covers the entire twentieth century.

Citizen Kurchatov - - A biography of Stalin's enigmatic director of the Soviet project to build the atomic bomb. Details his efforts as head of the project to develop first the atomic bomb and then the hydrogen bomb. Includes documents and links.

Citizens Nuclear Information Center - - Provides updates on the nuclear industry in Japan, follows events in depth that affect the public and publishes informational literature on nuclear topics. English version of a Japanese site.

City of Hiroshima: Atomic Bomb and Peace - - Historical information regarding the damage from the bombing of the city. Also includes information about the Peace Memorial, the A-Domes registration as a World Heritage Site, and about the city today.

CNN Cold War - The Atomic Age: From fission to fallout - - A brief history of the beginning of the Atomic Age including photographs, video clips and links. Part of a series on the Cold War.

The Cold War - - Article discussing it's origins, impact on the social history of the US and Russia, effect on foreign policy, the arms race, and the lessons learned. Includes photographs and opinion pieces on Cold War topics.

Conelrad: All Things Atomic - - Devoted to atomic culture past and present. The creation of writers who grew up in the shadow of the bomb and all its attendant pop culture fallout, list of atomic links.

Documents Related to the Cold War - - Full text original documents relating to the Cold War period. Covers the years from 1945 to 1986. A very wide range of material dealing with many points of view. Also has a retrospective section looking back on the era.

Documents Relating to the Development of the Atomic Bomb and Its use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki - - A large collection of original documents relating to the decision to develop and use the atomic bomb. Historic reports from the Manhattan Project, and correspondence, memos, diary entries and reports from a variety of major decision makers of the period.

The First Pile - - Large excerpt from "The First Reactor," published December, 1982 by the U.S Department of Energy. Discusses the first sustained nuclear chain reaction which occurred in 1942 at the University of Chicago.

Frontline: Russian Roulette - - Discusses missing nuclear materials from the former Soviet Union, suitcase bombs, interviews, readings, the future of nuclear weapons and the Russian nuclear complex.

Hanford Site Manhattan Project and Cold War Era Historic District Treatment Plan - - Plan to direct the production of a multi-level report which will chronicle the unique history of the Hanford Site, its technology, and the people who worked here.

Harry K. Daghlian, Jr. - America's First Peacetime Atom Bomb Fatality - - Daghlian worked for the Manhattan Project. The site tells his story and serves as a memorial.

Health Physics - Historical Instrumentation Collection - - To chronicle the scientific and commercial history of radioactivity and radiation.

History of Nuclear Power Plant Safety - - A time line covering the period from the 1940s to the present day and detailing the development of safety features, practices and systems in nuclear power plants. Includes bibliographic references.

History of Oak Ridge National Laboratory - - Historic photographs, full text of a detailed history of the site and the part it played during and after WWII, a timeline, the directors and contractors through the years and fact sheets.

History of Pantex - - An account by a long time employee of the beginning and development of the Pantex plant which produces nuclear weapons. Part of a larger site that covers the current mission of Pantex.

History of the Plutonium Production Facilities at the Hanford Site Historic District - - A complete history of the development of the Hanford Reservation site during the Manhattan Project and the Cold War, covering the period from 1943 to 1990. Details the construction, operation and history of facilities on the reservation. [PDF.

How the Bomb Saved Soviet Physics - - The story of the development of the Soviet bomb and its effect on physics in the Soviet Union. Discusses the political pressures of Stalinist Russia on the study of physics and the conduct of the effort to produce a bomb.

The Impact of the Cold War on Washington, Hanford and the Tri Cities - - An examination of the changes brought about by the development of Hanford as a part of the nuclear weapons complex and the effects on the region over the course of the period from the 1940's through the current time.

In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer - - By the Avalon Project of the Yale Law School, has original documents from the findings and recommendation of the Personnel Security Board in the case of Dr. Oppenheimer. Includes letters, and the opinion written by the Atomic Energy Commission.

India-Pakistan Nuclear Central - - Reference materials, current issues, editorials and data on the nuclear programs of India and Pakistan. Has maps, links to media sites, links to sites from both countries, and a collection of Nuclear Control Institute documents on the issues involved.

It Seems Like Yesterday - Winter 99: The Atomic Age - - A history of the Atomic Age of the 1950s. Includes links to a few feature articles from the 1950s that let the reader get an idea of the social impact of atomic weapons on American society.

The Khariton Version - - A history of the politics and policies of the Soviet atomic and thermonuclear weapons research by one of the USSR's leading nuclear scientists.

Lawrence and His Laboratory - - Scientific history of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's first 50 years (1931-1981).

Leo Szilard Online - - Leo Szilard (1898-1964) participated in the American Manhattan Project but afterwards became a leading critic of the Cold War nuclear arms race. Includes biographical information, documents, photos, audio, links.

Living Under a Mushroom Cloud: Fear and Hope in the Atomic Age - - Virtual version of an museum exhibit. Addresses the ambivalence of the public toward atomic power and weapons in the period between 1945 and 1965. Articles, photographs.

Los Alamos Nuclear Laboratory - Research Library: History - - A collection of links from the Los Alamos Nuclear Laboratory on its role in the history of American nuclear weapons development.

Louis Slotin Memorial - - Dr. Slotin was a scientist involved with the development of the atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project. Tells the story of his work, life and death in an accident at Los Alamos.

A Lovely Experiment - - Albert Wattenbert writes in the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists about working with Enrico Fermi to create the first chain reaction.

Manhattan Project - - Information, atomic timeline, how fusion works, how fission works, survey, forums, test, and explanation of the atom.

Manhattan Project Heritage Preservation Association, Inc. - - Large site by the Children of the Manhattan Project group with biographies, articles, photos, historic documents and other materials relating to the Manhattan Project.

National Atomic Museum - - A museum covering the historical development of atomic energy and armaments. Includes virtual tours of Manhattan Project, nuclear arms, delivery systems, nuclear non-proliferation, and non-military applications of nuclear technology.

Natural Resources Defense Council - The Internet and the Bomb - - A research guide to policy and information about nuclear weapons.

Nevada Site Office - Historical Publications - - An abundance of historical information about the United States’ nuclear testing program.

Nevada Site Office - Historical Test Films - - Recently declassified footage of nuclear tests with images.

Nevada Site Office - Photo Library - - The complete collection of still photos.

NRC: Our History - - A brief history of the agency and its predecessor, the AEC.

Nuclear Age Peace Foundation - - An archive of articles on nuclear armaments, testing, test bans, and treaties. Links to articles on related topics including nuclear power, NATO, disarmament and the arms trade.

Nuclear Age Timeline - - Nuclear Age Timeline, The timeline traces the nuclear age from the discovery of x-rays and radioactivity to the explosion of the first atomic bomb through the cold war to its thaw and the cleanup of the nuclear weapons complex.

Nuclear Connection Project - - Traces connections between UFO sightings and the history of US nuclear research and development activities.

Nuclear Energy Timeline - - A brief history of the Department of Energies responsibilities for uranium stewardship, a time line of uranium history, photos, links to current information about uranium use and sales in the US today.

The Nuclear Files - - Explore political and ethical dilemmas, challenges of the Nuclear Age. Discusses waste, power, weapons, the scientists and politicians involved, strategy, treaties, and other aspects of nuclear policy.

Nuclear Testing in India and Pakistan: Selected Internet Resources - - Information on Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapons research and development. Includes statements, position papers, research and analysis, news coverage and opinion polls, and related information on nuclear proliferation.

The Nuclear Weapon Archive - - Discusses the physics of the various types of nuclear weapons and the effects of nuclear explosions. Includes a history, images, and chronology of atomic and thermonuclear weapons testing.

Nuclear Weapon Research on the Internet - - In depth collection of links to nuclear news, information, research, searches on nuclear topics, software to model nuclear blast effects, history, commentary, and links pages.

Nuclear Weapons - - Information on nuclear weapons design, production, materials, testing and effects both historic and current. Includes diagrams and explanations of the physics and engineering involved in weapons design.

Nuclear Weapons - - Database of nuclear explosions, image gallery of test photos of US and other nuclear tests, chronology and background information on nuclear weapons.

Nuke Pop - - An examination of the effect of the atomic age on popular culture in America. Deals with everything from mushroom clouds on record covers to movies and comic books.

On the beach - Australia's Nuclear History - - A short article on the history of British nuclear testing in Australia and a discussion of Canberra's motives for cooperating with such tests. Also contains short biographies of prominent Australian nuclear scientists.

Operation Crossroads, Nuclear Tests at Bikini - - Detailed information from the US Navy Historical Center on Operation Crossroads, the first postwar nuclear test conducted at Bikini Atoll. Includes the composition of the task force, data on the target ships, historic artwork depicting aspects of the operation, sources and links.

ORNL: The First 50 Years - - History of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory from the 1940s to the 1990s, including the Manhattan Project era. Details the building of the lab, addition of facilities, the scientists who worked there, and the surrounding communities.

Pakistan's Nuclear Test - - Fact sheet on Pakistan's nuclear weapons tests, reactors, research facilities, uranium enrichment and plutonium and tritium production plants, and weapons manufacturing facilities. Includes map.

Parallel History Project on NATO and the Warsaw Pact - - Provides documentation on the development of NATO and the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War, their mutual threat perceptions and military plans, and their significance for our time. It presents new evidence from the archives of both NATO and former Warsaw Pact countries.

The Partial Test Ban Treaty - - Text of the 1963 treaty signed by the US, the UK, and the USSR banning atmospheric, oceanic, and extraterrestrial testing of nuclear weapons.

The Pershing Weapon System and its Elimination - - Covers the history of the Pershing. Includes a detailed chronology, historic photos, film clips of launches, and materials related to design and testing of the system.

Physicians for Social Responsibility: New Nuclear Weapons and Strategy - - Position papers describing PSR's opposition to nuclear testing, on test bans, and on related topics.

Purdue Physics - The War Period - - Essay on the war time history of the physics department of Purdue University detailing work done there as a part of the Manhattan Project and in physics in general.

Radiation Information Network - - Collection of links on the history of radiation and radiation protection.

Russian Research Centre - Kurchatov Institute - - A museum about Igor Kurchatov, head of the USSR's A-bomb project, and Soviet nuclear weapons research. Provides virtual tours of Kurchatov's life and Soviet atomic research facilities.

Salient Milestones of Atomic Energy in India - - Chronology of the development of the atomic energy agency in India and the achievements of the agency in both power production and weapons development.

Scientific Data of the Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Disaster - - Information on the physical, medical and epidemiological effects of the bombing of Nagasaki. Includes the testimony of Dr. Raisuke Shirabe, maps of the destroyed areas, and a list of links for further information.

Silo World - - History of early ICBM's, missile launch facilities, the work of the missileers, collection of historic photos of silos under construction, in operation and the missiles they contained.

SRS Historical Highlights - - An outline of the history of the Savanna River Site and its part in the story of the atomic bomb.

The Swords of Armageddon - - A site promoting a CD Rom set containing an encyclopedic history of U.S. nuclear weapons history. Gives examples of articles contained on CD, the table of contents, ordering information and a periodic newsletter.

Titan II ICBM Web Page - - Describes the mission and capabilities of the system, includes photos, launch history, diagrams of the components of the missiles and their launch facilities and crew details.

Titan II Missile System - - The history of the missile system, includes images and diagrams of the silo and layout of a typical site.

Todd's Atomic Homepage - - Collection of links on a variety of nuclear topics, including: university programs, job openings, reactors, anti-nuclear groups, weapons testing, waste disposal, computing, health physics, and engineering.

Trinity and Beyond - - (the Atomic Bomb Movie)Website devoted to documentary films dealing with atomic history and obscure material on atomic testing. Contains many unique and rare QuickTime movies and jpeg photos regarding atomic testing and nuclear detonations.

Trinity Atomic Web Site - - The story of nuclear weapons through historical documents, photos, and videos.

U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project - - The Brookings Institution studied the history of nuclear weapons development, production, and testing in the United States. Extensive information on historical weapons programs and their costs.

The U.S. Nuclear Weapons Production and Naval Nuclear Propulsion Complex - - Annotated list of nuclear weapons facilities operated by the US Government or by contractors on their behalf. Includes date of establishment, function, and other information including links to the official web page of the facility and its contractor.

Where They Were - - A short history of American nuclear weapons deployments on foreign soil, often without the knowledge of the host country, from 1945 to 1977. Includes graphs of deployments by region.

Stealing the Fire - - Film documentary by John Friedman and Eric Nadler tracing the history on how top-secret nuclear technology was sold to Third World nations. (August 14, 2002)