See also:

• Science: Physics: History  (143)

d'Alembert - Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (1717-1783) - - Helped to resolve the controversy in mathematical physics over the conservation of kinetic energy by improving Newton's definition of force. A biography with references to his work and contemporaries, as well as affiliated organisations.

Hamilton, Sir William Rowan (1805-1865) - - Responsible for Hamilton's Principle and the classical Hamiltonia.

Lagrange, Joseph Louis - - A biography written with reference to his peers; includes quotations and references to his works.